Consequences of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Abuse in Males, Sexual Hepatic and Metabolic Perspective
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss3pp25-34Keywords:
anabolic androgenic steroids, athletes, bodybuilding, gym users.Abstract
Abstract
Background: anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) are becoming increasingly popular between bodybuilders and people who want to enhance their physiques. However, according to the rise of the Internet and laws prohibiting sales of these substances without prescription, the route of obtaining and administration practices have become more and more dangerous.
Objective: Anabolic-androgenic steroids represents a group of synthetic testosterone derivatives its play an important role in clinical treatment. These group of drugs are widely abused among the general public to increase lean body weight and improve athletic performance. It has been reported that AAS use can cause many adverse effects. Although there are many related studies, the current study was to review the effect of AAS on serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin, free testosterone, ALT, AST, T3, T4, TSH, haemoglobin and platelet in bodybuilders using these hormones and compare the results with control group.
Method: A 50 body builders were using gym routinely and were using AASs for at least 2 months interviewed and collect blood sample to measure certain lab data and see the effects of AAS on these lab data and compare results with control group who were using gym routinely but never use AAS before.
Results: The levels of eight parameters were significantly (P-value< 0.05) different according to the participating groups (AAS users vs control): LH, FSH, Prolactin, ALT, T3, TSH, haemoglobin and platelets. Five of the measured parameters were significantly (P-value< 0.05) lower in the group of AAS users compared to the control (non-user) group: LH, FSH, T3, TSH, and platelets. In contrast, the other three parameters (prolactin, ALT and haemoglobin) were significantly (P-value< 0.05) higher in the AAS user group compared to control group.
Conclusion: the anabolic androgenic steroids had a harmful effect on multi physiological functions leading to hormonal disturbances.
References
Gmbl W-VV, KGaA C. Encyclopedia of molecular cell biology and molecular medicine. 2014;
El Osta R, Almont T, Diligent C, Hubert N, Eschwège P, Hubert J. Anabolic steroids abuse and male infertility. Basic Clin Androl. 2016;26(1):1–8.
Pineau T, Schopfer A, Grossrieder L, Broséus J, Esseiva P, Rossy Q. The study of doping market: How to produce intelligence from Internet forums. Forensic Sci Int. 2016;268:103–15.
Perry PJ, Lund BC, Deninger MJ, Kutscher EC, Schneider J. Anabolic steroid use in weightlifters and bodybuilders: an internet survey of drug utilization. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15(5):326–30.
De Hon O, Van Kleij R. Kwaliteit van illegale dopingmiddelen. Een Inventar van Kwal van illegaal Verh dopinggeduide middelen en gezondheidsrisico’s bij Gebr. 2005;
Kuhn CM. Anabolic steroids. Recent Prog Horm Res. 2002;57:411–34.
Alsiö J, Birgner C, Björkblom L, Isaksson P, Bergström L, Schiöth HB, et al. Impact of Nandrolone Decanoate on Gene Expression in Endocrine Systems Related to the Adverse Effects of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol [Internet]. 2009 ;105(5):307–14.
Karila T, Hovatta O, Seppälä T. Concomitant abuse of anabolic androgenic steroids and human chorionic gonadotrophin impairs spermatogenesis in power athletes. Int J Sports Med. 2004;25(04):257–63.
Yu J-G, Bonnerud P, Eriksson A, Stål PS, Tegner Y, Malm C. Effects of long term supplementation of anabolic androgen steroids on human skeletal muscle. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e105330.
Rahnema CD, Lipshultz LI, Crosnoe LE, Kovac JR, Kim ED. Anabolic steroid–induced hypogonadism: diagnosis and treatment. Fertil Steril. 2014;101(5):1271–9.
Rahman SAHA, Zabbon AA, Abdulhadi FS. Effect of Anabolic-Androgenic and Nutritional supplements on the Reproductive hormone, the Hematological parameters and baldness of athletes in Baghdad city. J Pharm Sci Res. 2018;10(7):1643–5.
Christou MA, Christou PA, Markozannes G, Tsatsoulis A, Mastorakos G, Tigas S. Effects of anabolic androgenic steroids on the reproductive system of athletes and recreational users: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sport Med. 2017;47(9):1869–83.
de Souza GL, Hallak J. Anabolic steroids and male infertility: a comprehensive review. BJU Int. 2011;108(11):1860–5.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
