An update on Nanoparticle Formulation Design of Piperine to Improve its Oral bioavailability: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31351/vol32iss1pp14-30Keywords:
piperine, bioavailability, solubility, formulation, pharmacokineticAbstract
Piperine, a crystalline alkaloid compound isolated from Piper nigrum, piper longum, and other types of piper, has had many fabulous pharmacological advantages for preventing and treating some specific diseases, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antimetastatic, antithyroid, immunomodulatory, antitumor, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, Alzheimer's, and improving the bioavailability of other drugs. However, its potential for clinical use through oral usage is hindered by water solubility and poor bioavailability. The low level of oral bioavailability is caused by low solubility in water and is photosensitive, susceptible to isomerization by UV light, which causes piperine concentration to decrease. Many different formulation approaches have been applied to improve the poor oral bioavailability of piperine. There have been oral formulation strategies that have been successfully implemented in increasing the solubility and bioavailability of piperine within the body, such as the formulation of nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, salt formation, liposomes, complexation using polymers, micro/nano-emulsions, and solid dispersions. This review presents a summary of piperine biopharmaceuticals, new formulation design approaches to improve oral bioavailability of piperine, and several techniques and methods for conducting selective and sensitive analysis of piperine in biological fluids.
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10. Kusumorini N, Nugroho AK, Pramono S, Martien R. Development of New Isolation and Quantification Method of Piperine from White Pepper Seeds (Piper Nigrum L) Using A Validated HPLC. Indonesian J Pharm. 2021;32(2):158–65.
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12. Rameshkumar KB, Aravind APA, Mathew PJ. Comparative Phytochemical Evaluation and Antioxidant Assay of Piper longum L. and Piper chaba Hunter Used in Indian Traditional Systems of Medicine. Journal of herbs, spices & medicinal plants. 2011; 17(4):351-60.
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14. Juliani HR, Koroch AR, Giordano L, Amekuse L, Koffa S, Asante-Dartey J, et al. Piper guineense (Piperaceae): Chemistry, Traditional Uses, and Functional Properties of West African Black Pepper. In: African Natural Plant Products Volume II: Discoveries and Challenges in Chemistry, Health, and Nutrition. American Chemical Society. 2013; 1127:33-48
15. Hussain K, Ismail Z, Sadikun A, Ibrahim P. Antioxidant, anti-TB activities, phenolic and amide contents of standardised extracts of Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Nat Prod Res. 2009;23(3):238–49.
16. 1Ahmad B, Akhtar J, Akhtar J, Akhtar J. Unani System of Medicine. Pharmacognosy Reviews. 2007;1(2):210–4.
17. Ansari KA, Akram M. Filfil Siyah (Piper nigrum Linn) an important Drug of Unani System of Medicine: A Review. J Pharmacogn Phytochem. 2014;2(6):219–21.
18. Johri RK, Zutshi U. An Ayurvedic formulation ‘Trikatu’ and its constituents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 1992;37(2):85–91.
19. Nadkarni KM, Nadkarni AK. (Indian materia medica ) ; Dr. K. M. Nadkarni’s Indian materia medica : with Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibbi, Siddha, allopathic, homeopathic, naturopathic & home remedies, appendices & indexes. 2. Popular Prakashan; 1994.
20. Aswar U, Shintre S, Chepurwar S, Aswar M. Antiallergic effect of piperine on ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice. Pharm Biol. 2015;53(9):1358–66.
21. Kim J, Lee K-P, Lee D-W, Lim K. Piperine enhances carbohydrate/fat metabolism in skeletal muscle during acute exercise in mice. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2017;14(1):43-51.
22. Bang JS, Oh DH, Choi HM, Sur B-J, Lim S-J, Kim JY, et al. Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects of piperine in human interleukin 1beta-stimulated fibroblast-like synoviocytes and in rat arthritis models. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(2):1-9.
23. Dong Y, Huihui Z, Li C. Piperine inhibit inflammation, alveolar bone loss and collagen fibers breakdown in a rat periodontitis model. J Periodontal Res. 2015;50(6):758–65.
24. 24. Hu D, Wang Y, Chen Z, Ma Z, You Q, Zhang X, et al. The protective effect of piperine on dextran sulfate sodium induced inflammatory bowel disease and its relation with pregnane X receptor activation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;169:109–23.
25. Liu Y, Yadev VR, Aggarwal BB, Nair MG. Inhibitory effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum) extracts and compounds on human tumor cell proliferation, cyclooxygenase enzymes, lipid peroxidation and nuclear transcription factor-kappa-B. Nat Prod Commun. 2010;5(8):1253–7.
26. Umar S, Golam Sarwar AHM, Umar K, Ahmad N, Sajad M, Ahmad S, et al. Piperine ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation and histological outcome in collagen induced arthritis. Cellular Immunology. 2013;284(1–2):51–9.
27. Li L, Liu H, Shi W, Liu H, Yang J, Xu D, et al. Insights into the Action Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Osteoarthritis. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2017;1–13.
28. Al-Baghdadi OB, Prater NI, Van der Schyf CJ, Geldenhuys WJ. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by derivatives of piperine, an alkaloid from the pepper plant Piper nigrum, for possible use in Parkinson’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2012;22(23):7183–8.
29. Chonpathompikunlert P, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S. Piperine, the main alkaloid of Thai black pepper, protects against neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in animal model of cognitive deficit like condition of Alzheimer’s disease. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48(3):798–802.
30. Essa MM, Vijayan RK, Castellano-Gonzalez G, Memon MA, Braidy N, Guillemin GJ. Neuroprotective effect of natural products against Alzheimer’s disease. Neurochem Res. 2012;37(9):1829–42.
31. Mishra A, Punia JK, Bladen C, Zamponi GW, Goel RK. Anticonvulsant mechanisms of piperine, a piperidine alkaloid. Channels. 2015;9(5):317–23.
32. Song Y, Cao C, Xu Q, Gu S, Wang F, Huang X, et al. Piperine Attenuates TBI-Induced Seizures via Inhibiting Cytokine-Activated Reactive Astrogliosis. Frontiers in Neurology. 2020;11:431-40.
33. Jafri A, Siddiqui S, Rais J, Ahmad MS, Kumar S, Jafar T, et al. Induction of apoptosis by piperine in human cervical adenocarcinoma via ROS mediated mitochondrial pathway and caspase-3 activation. EXCLI J. 2019;18:154–64.
34. Yoo ES, Choo GS, Kim SH, Woo JS, Kim HJ, Park YS, et al. Antitumor and Apoptosis-inducing Effects of Piperine on Human Melanoma Cells. Anticancer Research. 2019;39(4):1883–92.
35. Singh P, Shrman K, Sharma R, Meena N, Kumar N, Kishor K. Safety assessment of piperine after oral administration in sirohi goats. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2021;9(1):753–5.
36. Wu Z, Xia X, Huang X. Determination of equilibrium solubility and apparent oil/water partition coefficient of piperine. J Jinan Univ. 2012;33:473–6.
37. Kerns EH, Di L. Drug-like properties: concepts, structure design and methods ; from ADME to toxicity optimization ; (metabolism, solubility, pharmacokinetics, permeability, CYP inhibition, toxicity, prodrugs). Amsterdam: Elsevier, Acad. Press; 2008.
38. Khajuria A, Zutshi U, Bedi KL. Permeability characteristics of piperine on oral absorption--an active alkaloid from peppers and a bioavailability enhancer. Indian J Exp Biol. 1998;36(1):46–50.
39. Suresh D, Srinivasan K. Studies on the in vitro absorption of spice principles – Curcumin, capsaicin and piperine in rat intestines. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2007;45(8):1437–42.
40. Ganesh Bhat B, Chandrasekhara N. Studies on the metabolism of piperine: Absorption, tissue distribution and excretion of urinary conjugates in rats. Toxicology. 1986;40(1):83–92.
41. 41. Shao B, Cui C, Ji H, Tang J, Wang Z, Liu H, et al. Enhanced oral bioavailability of piperine by self-emulsifying drug delivery systems: in vitro, in vivo and in situ intestinal permeability studies. Drug Delivery. 2015;22(6):740–7.
42. Ren T, Wang Q, Li C, Yang M, Zuo Z. Efficient brain uptake of piperine and its pharmacokinetics characterization after oral administration. Xenobiotica. 2018;48(12):1249–57.
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