Polymorphism of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Taq1 (rs731236) and its Effect on Bone Turnover Markers in Iraqi Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women After Vitamin D Supplementation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31351/vol34iss2pp175-183Keywords:
Bone turnover markers, Deoxypyridinoline, Osteoporosis, Procollagen-I, Vitamin D receptorAbstract
There are many causes of osteoporosis, and one of them is deficiency in vitamin D resulting from vitamin D receptor polymorphism. This polymorphism makes the bones and tissues that contain vitamin D receptors resistant to vitamin D and not getting enough concentrations. The aim of this study is to find the correlation between vitamin D receptor Taq1 (rs731236) gene polymorphism and bone turnover markers (procollagen-I and deoxypyridinoline) in postmenopausal osteoporotic women after taking a certain dose of vitamin D. Forty postmenopausal women were included who were diagnosed with osteoporosis according to WHO guidelines by taking bone mineral density measurements by DXA-scan. The participating patients received a vitamin D dose (50000 IU/week) for a duration of two months; this is the patients’ group. The control group consisted of thirty postmenopausal women without osteoporosis. The patients were divided into two groups based on their responses to vitamin D doses. Regarding allele frequency, GA has a higher percent (57.5%, 46.6%) in the patients’ group and control group, respectively. There is a non-significant difference (p = 0.11) between responders, non-responders, or the control group regarding GA genotype frequency. Bone turnover markers (procollagen-I and deoxypyridinoline) show no significant difference between groups. (p=0.22, p=0.89) at the pre-treatment level, respectively. There is a significant difference (p = 0.01) in vitamin D levels between the patients’ group and the control group. Vitamin D receptor Taq 1 (rs731236) gene polymorphism can assist in osteoporotic development through its effect on vitamin D level and, as a sequence, on bone turnover markers, making female osteoporotic patients.
How to Cite
Publication Dates
Received
Revised
Accepted
Published Online First
References
Jameel MG, Alhakeem ZM, Al-Osami MH. Prevalence of AGER gene polymorphism in post menopause Iraqi sample with Osteoporosis and osteopenia in type 2DM. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (P-ISSN 1683-3597 E-ISSN 2521-3512). 2022;31(2):202-10.
Hasan AA, Al-Temimi HMA. Evaluation the Risk Factors that are Associated with Osteoporosis in Post Kidney Transplantation in a Sample of Iraqi Patients. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (P-ISSN 1683-3597 E-ISSN 2521-3512). 2020;29(2):1-7.
Tella SH, Gallagher JC. Prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology. 2014;142:155-70.
Bhatnagar A, Kekatpure AL. Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2022;14(9).
Abbass SA, Ali SH. The beneficial role of some bone markers in evaluating women with osteoporosis under different therapeutic regimens. Iraqi J Pharm Sci. 2011;20(1):1-7.
Morris H, Eastell R, Jorgensen N, Cavalier E, Vasikaran S, Chubb S, et al. Clinical usefulness of bone turnover marker concentrations in osteoporosis. Clinica chimica acta. 2017;467:34-41.
Shetty S, Kapoor N, Bondu JD, Thomas N, Paul TV. Bone turnover markers: Emerging tool in the management of osteoporosis. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2016;20(6):846.
Greenblatt MB, Tsai JN, Wein MN. Bone turnover markers in the diagnosis and monitoring of metabolic bone disease. Clinical chemistry. 2017;63(2):464-74.
Abdul-Wahab FK, Al-Shawi NN. Effects of vitamin D3 on methotrexate-induced jejunum damage in rats. J Pharm Sci. 2020;29(1):260-7.
Abd Alridha AM, Kadhim D, Alkhazrajy A. The Potential of Vitamin-D-Binding Protein as a Urinary Biomarker to Distinguish Steroid-Resistant from Steroid-Sensitive Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Iraqi Children. Siriraj Medical Journal. 2023;75(4):248-58.
JAFER S, ALI SH, AL-NUAIMI A. Effects of Long-Term Treatment with Different Types of Anti-Epileptic Drugs on Vitamin D2 and Osteoprotegrin Serum Levels in Iraqi Patients. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2022;16(5):372-5.
Hammadi AH, Ali SH. CYP24A1 Polymorphism Effect on Chronic Drugs Administration and Development of Osteomalacia: A Review Article. International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology. 2021;8(5):110-20.
Chen X, Shen L, Gao C, Weng R, Fan Y, Xu S, et al. Vitamin D status and its associations with bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, and parathyroid hormone in Chinese postmenopausal women with osteopenia and osteoporosis. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2024;10:1307896.
Raheem MF, Ali SH, Shareef LG. Impact of serum levels of vitamin D on lipid profiles, glycemic indices, and insulin resistance in obese type 2 diabetes patients: An observational study. F1000Research. 2022;11(1002):1002.
Faris Raheem M, H Ali S, MA AL-Nuaimi A, G. Shareef L. Impact of serum vitamin D level on selected bone-related markers in obese-type 2 diabetes patients. F1000Research. 2023;12:56.
Usategui-Martín R, De Luis-Román D-A, Fernández-Gómez JM, Ruiz-Mambrilla M, Pérez-Castrillón J-L. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms modify the response to vitamin D supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):360.
Angel B, Lera L, Márquez C, Albala C. The association of VDR polymorphisms and type 2 diabetes in older people living in community in Santiago de Chile. Nutrition & diabetes. 2018;8(1):31.
Ansari MG, Mohammed AK, Wani KA, Hussain SD, Alnaami AM, Abdi S, et al. Vitamin d receptor gene variants susceptible to osteoporosis in Arab post-menopausal women. Current Issues in Molecular Biology. 2021;43(3):1325-34.
Kanis JA, Melton III LJ, Christiansen C, Johnston CC, Khaltaev N. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. Journal of bone and mineral research. 1994;9(8):1137-41.
Palermo A, Tuccinardi D, Defeudis G, Watanabe M, D’Onofrio L, Lauria Pantano A, et al. BMI and BMD: the potential interplay between obesity and bone fragility. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2016;13(6):544.
Jing Y, Wang X, Yu J, Wang X, Zhou Y, Tao B, et al. Associations of serum sex hormone binding globulin with bone mineral densities and higher 10-year probability of fractures in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of Translational Medicine. 2019;7(18).
Yakout SM, Al-Daghri NM. Associations of bone mineral density with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone in middle-aged Saudi men: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2023;14:1230279.
Alinia T, Sabour S, Hashemipour M, Hovsepian S, Pour HR, Jahanfar S. Relationship between vitamin D levels and age of menopause and reproductive lifespan: Analysis based on the National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) 2001–2018. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2023;289:183-9.
Lips P, Van Schoor NM. The effect of vitamin D on bone and osteoporosis. Best practice & research Clinical endocrinology & metabolism. 2011;25(4):585-91.
Voulgaridou G, Papadopoulou SK, Detopoulou P, Tsoumana D, Giaginis C, Kondyli FS, et al. Vitamin D and calcium in osteoporosis, and the role of bone turnover markers: A narrative review of recent data from RCTs. Diseases. 2023;11(1):29.
Banjabi AA, Al-Ghafari AB, Kumosani TA, Kannan K, Fallatah SM. Genetic influence of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms on osteoporosis risk. International journal of health sciences. 2020;14(4):22.
Khudhur SS, Saleh ES, Alosami MH. The impact of rs767455 and rs1061622 polymorphisms on treatment outcomes in Iraqi ankylosing spondylitis patients taking etanercept. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2023;90(2):3488-94.
Alathari BE, Sabta AA, Kalpana CA, Vimaleswaran KS. Vitamin D pathway-related gene polymorphisms and their association with metabolic diseases: A literature review. Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. 2020;19:1701-29.
Al-Habbo DJ, Saeed I, Al-Obaidy WA. Association between obesity and osteoporosis. Iraqi medical Journal. 2018;64:2.
Lee H-R, Hong S-S, Lee S-Y, Cho Y-H, Park H-J, Jung D-W, et al. The impact of body weight change on bone mineral density of the lumbar spine in perimenopausal women: a retrospective, one-year follow-up study. Korean Journal of Family Medicine. 2011;32(4):219.
Gossiel F, Altaher H, Reid DM, Roux C, Felsenberg D, Glüer C-C, et al. Bone turnover markers after the menopause: T-score approach. Bone. 2018;111:44-8.
Bislev LS, Langagergaard Rødbro L, Rolighed L, Sikjaer T, Rejnmark L. Bone microstructure in response to vitamin D3 supplementation: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Calcified tissue international. 2019;104(2):160-70.
Jorde R, Stunes AK, Kubiak J, Joakimsen R, Grimnes G, Thorsby PM, et al. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on bone turnover markers and other bone-related substances in subjects with vitamin D deficiency. Bone. 2019;124:7-13.
Sohouli MH, Wang S, Almuqayyid F, Gabiatti MP, Mozaffari F, Mohamadian Z, et al. Impact of vitamin D supplementation on markers of bone turnover: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials. European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2023;53(10):e14038.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
