Developing and Evaluating a Novel Drug Delivery System, Calcium-Alginate Beads loaded with Valsartan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31351/vol33iss1pp146-153Keywords:
valsartan, beads, polymer, crosslinking, drug releaseAbstract
Valsartan is one of the most common drugs used by chronic patients in the management of hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy. This present study was conducted with the aim of formulating a long-acting pharmaceutical form by preparing millimeter dimensions’ solid polymeric beads using the Ionotropic Gelation technique by using the polymer “Alginate Sodium” (SA), and Calcium Chloride CaCl2 as a cross-linking agent. Prepared valsartan beads succeeded in the possibility of decreasing dose administration and therefore, reduced immediate release side effects of conventional forms of Valsartan. Valsartan beads were studied using different concentrations of Sodium Alginate and Calcium Chloride to select the optimal formula and then were compared with locally marketed film-coated tables containing Valsartan. The formula (SA 3%, CaCl2 10%) was chosen after conducting several physiochemical tests such as shape and dimensions, swelling index, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release, and FTIR. FTIR test showed no chemical bonding between Valsartan and other excipients. Selected beads achieved a high percentage of swelling in phosphate buffer solution pH=6.8. Entrapment efficiency was also high at about 80%. Prepared beads followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas release mechanism, and eventually obtained extended-release beads which slowed drug release for 24h, Compared with the film-coated tablets, the in vitro release of valsartan expired after only one hour.
Received: 1/2 /2023
Accepted: 19/4 /2023
How to Cite
Publication Dates
References
Perrie Y. , and Rades T. FASTtrack Pharmaceutics: Drug Delivery and Targeting. Eur J Pharm Sci : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2009;8(3).
Maiti S. and Sen K. K. Introductory Chapter: Drug Delivery Concepts. Advanced Technology for Delivering Therapeutics. 2017.
Peppas NA, Hilt JZ, Khademhosseini A, Langer R. Hydrogels in biology and medicine: From molecular principles to bionanotechnology. Advanced Materials. 2006;18(11):1345–60.
Peppas N. Hydrogels in pharmaceutical formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2000;50(1):27–46.
Sadib MN, Khaled BM, Liu F, Zhong F. Hydrogel beads for designing future foods: Structures, mechanisms, applications, and challenges. FHFH. 2022; 2:100073.
Santinon C, Borges D, da Silva MG, Vieira MG. Evaluation of different covalent crosslinking agents into valsartan-loaded sericin and alginate particles for modified release. Powder Technology. 2021;390:240–55.
Ahnfelt E, Gernandt J, Al-Tikriti Y, Sjögren E, Lennernäs H, Hansson P. Single Bead Investigation of a clinical drug delivery system – A novel release mechanism. JCR. 2018;292:235–47.
Şanlı O, Ay N, Işıklan N. Release characteristics of diclofenac sodium from poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium alginate and poly(vinyl alcohol)-grafted-poly(acrylamide)/sodium alginate blend beads. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2007;65(2):204–14.
Siddiqui N. , Husain A. , Chaudhry L. , Alam S. , Mitra S. , and Bhasin P. Pharmacological and pharmaceutical profile of valsartan: A review. J. Appl. Pharm. Sci. 2011;1(4).
National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubChem Compound Summary for CID 60846, Valsartan. 2022.
SB S, SA S, RA D, VN S. Solid dispersion of valsartan for solubility improvement using β-cyclodextrin. MOJBB. 2018;5(6).
Abdullah A. and Rusli. M.F. Valsartan: A Brief Current Review. PTC. 2020.
Raja Rajeswari K. , Abbul K. , Sudhaka M. , Karki R. , and Rajkumar B. Development and characterization of valsartan loaded hydrogel beads. Der Pharm. Lett. 2012;4(4).
Ionotropic gelation and polyelectrolyte complexation technique: Novel approach to drug encapsulation. Handbook of Encapsulation and Controlled Release. 2015;:297–320.
Santinon C, Borges D, da Silva MG, Vieira MG. Evaluation of different covalent crosslinking agents into valsartan-loaded sericin and alginate particles for modified release. Powder Technology. 2021;390:240–55.
Begum N, Sailaja K. Effect of formulation variables on the preparation of ibuprofen loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Pharm. Nanotechnol.. 2015;3(2):111–21.
Lawson G, Ogwu J, Tanna S. Quantitative screening of the pharmaceutical ingredient for the rapid identification of substandard and falsified medicines using reflectance infrared spectroscopy. PLOS ONE. 2018;13(8).
Segale L, Giovannelli L, Mannina P, Pattarino F. Calcium alginate and calcium alginate-chitosan beads containing celecoxib solubilized in a self-emulsifying phase. Scientifica. 2016;2016:1–8.
Patel N, Lalwani D, Gollmer S, Injeti E, Sari Y, Nesamony J. Development and evaluation of a calcium alginate based oral ceftriaxone sodium formulation. Prog Biomater. 2016;5(2):117–33.
Adibkia K, Ghanbarzadeh S, Mohammadi G, Khiavi H, Sabzevari A, Barzegar-Jalali M. Drug release Kinetic Analysis and prediction of release data via polymer molecular weight in sustained release Diltiazem matrices. Drug Dev. Res. 2013;64(03):118–23.
Ardiana F, Suciati, Indrayanto G. Valsartan. Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients and Related Methodology. 2015;:431–93.
Ulusoy U. A Review of Particle Shape Effects on Material Properties for Various Engineering Applications: From Macro to Nanoscale. Minerals. 2023;13(1):91.
Tuan Mohamood N., Zainuddin N, Ahmad@Ayob M, Tan S. Preparation, optimization and swelling study of carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS)–acid hydrogel. Chem. Cent. J. 2018;12(1).
Younis MK, Tareq AZ, Kamal IM. Optimization of swelling, drug loading and release from natural polymer hydrogels. IOP Conf. Ser.: MSEB. 2018; 454:012017.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
